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Skin Testing for Allergies
An allergy skin test is used to identify the substances that are causing your allergy symptoms. It is often performed by applying an extract of an allergen to your skin, scratching or pricking the skin to allow exposure, and then evaluating the skin's reaction. It may also be done by injecting the
allergen under the skin, or by applying it to a patch that is worn on the skin for a specified period of time.
What Happens During the Test?
The procedure varies depending on what type of skin test you are having. The three main types of skin tests are the Prick Test, Intradermal Test, and the Patch Test.
Prick Test:
Also known as a puncture or scratch test. First, a doctor or nurse will examine the skin on your forearm and clean it with alcohol. Sometimes, the skin test is performed on an area of your back. Areas on your skin are then marked with a pen to identify each allergen that will be tested. A drop of extract for each potential allergen (such as pollen, animal dander, or insect venom) is placed on the corresponding mark. A small disposable pricking device is then used so the extract can enter into the outer layer of the skin, called the epidermis. The skin prick is not a shot and doesn't cause bleeding.
Intradermal Test:
After examining and cleaning the skin, a small amount of the allergen is injected just under the skin, similar to a tuberculosis test.
Patch Test:
Another method is to apply an allergen to a patch which is then placed on the skin. This may be done to pinpoint a trigger of allergic contact dermatitis. If there are allergic antibodies in your system, your skin will become irritated and may itch, much like a mosquito bite. This reaction means you are allergic to that substance.
How Long Does the Test Take?
Plan to spend about an hour for the entire appointment. For the prick and intradermal skin tests, the allergen placement part of the test takes about 5 to 10 minutes. Then you will have to wait about 5 minutes to see how your skin reacts. Patch tests take longer, as you must wear the patch for about 48 hours to determine if there is a delayed reaction. During this time, bathing and swimming should be avoided. You will return to the doctor after the specified period of time to have the area(s) checked.
How Should I Prepare for the Test?
Inform the healthcare provider who is going to perform the skin test about all medicines you are taking, including over-the-counter medications. Since allergy medicines, including over-the-counter antihistamines, stop allergic reactions, you should not take them for a few days before the test.
PAllergy Test Patient Info:
MEDICATIONS THAT PATIENTS CAN TAKE:
-All inhalers
-All diuretics
-All antibiotics
-All nasal sprays-except Astelin
-All steroids
-Most asthma medications
(except Singulair)
MEDICATIONS THAT PATIENTS CANNOT TAKE:
-NO ANTIHISTAMINES FOR 72 HOURS before testing including:
-Antivert
-Actifed
-Allegra/D
-Astelin
-Benadryl
-Chlortrimeton
-Claritin
-Comhist-La
-Comtrex
-Contact
-Coricidin
-Co-Pyronil
-Cyproheptadine
-Deconamine
-Demazine Retabs
-Dimetane
-Diphenhydramine
-Disophrol
-Dristan
-Drixoral
-Histalet Forte
-Hydroxyzine
-Histussin
-Isoclor
-Meclizine
-Naldecon
-NovafedA
-Nyquil
-Optimine
-Ornade
-Periactin
-Phenergan
-Promethazine
-Robitussin
-Rondel
-Ru-Tuss
-Rynatan
-Tacaryl
-Tavist
-Triaminic
-Trinalin
-Teldrin
-Tylenol "Cold"
-Vick's Cough/Cold
-Vistaril
-Zyrtec/D
* No Singulair for 24 hours before testing.
* No codeine at least 12 hours before testing.
Since you may not be able to discontinue certain medicines, the doctor or nurse may perform a separate "control" test to determine if that particular drug will interfere with the prick test.
Does the Test Hurt?
The test may be mildly irritating, but most people say it doesn't hurt too much.
Is the Test Safe?
Although small amounts of allergens are introduced into your system, a skin test is safe when performed properly. Systemic (whole body) reactions to skin testing are extremely rare.
What Happens After the Test?
Any extracts and ink marks will be cleaned off your skin with alcohol. A mild cortisone cream may be applied to your arm to relieve any excessive itching at the sites of the skin pricks.
If you are having a patch test done, you will go home with bandages on your arm or back that you will wear for about 48 hours. You must avoid getting these areas wet, unless otherwise instructed by your doctor. You will return to the doctor after this 48-hour period to be re-evaluated.
Your Allergist will use the results of the test to help develop a management plan for you.
When Should I Call My Doctor?
Call your doctor or emergency number immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:
Fever
Lightheadedness
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Extensive rash
Swelling of face, lips, mouth
Difficulty swallowing
(WebMD Medical Reference provided in collaboration with The Cleveland Clinic). |
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Hoboken Allergy & Asthma Specialists, LLC: - Skin Testing
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